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For decades considered unprofitable, krill is today a key marine resource with great potential for aquaculture and other industries.

From the Soviet Experiment to the New Krill Rush (Part 1 of 5)

WORLDWIDE
Monday, July 20, 2026, 00:10 (GMT + 9)

Just half a century ago, Antarctic krill was considered a virtually inexhaustible resource that could feed millions of people. Today, it has become one of the most disputed strategic ingredients for the global aquaculture, nutrition, and functional food industries.

  • The transformation did not happen overnight. It was the result of a history that began with an ambitious Soviet experiment, survived the collapse of the Soviet Union, and led to a new industrial competition led by Norway and increasingly followed closely by China.
  • The 2024/25 season marked a new turning point. For the first time, the catch in Area 48 reached the operational level of 620,000 tonnes established by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), forcing the closure of the fishery and confirming that krill has ceased to be a resource of primarily scientific interest to become a global strategic asset.

The Soviet Union possessed a global organization operated by Sovrybflot and divided into fleets with independent administrative areas.

For more than six decades, the history of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) has oscillated between two forces: the enormous apparent availability of the resource and the difficulty of transforming a small, highly perishable crustacean caught thousands of kilometers from markets into a profitable business.

The Soviet Union was the first to try it on an industrial scale. Decades later, Norway revolutionized the model through technological innovation and value chain integration. China, for its part, is building a new industrial capacity with a long-term vision. The evolution of this fishery can no longer be measured solely by landed tonnes, but by who controls the technology, processing, logistics, and access to the highest value-added markets.

Photo: courtesy Legion Media (Rusia)

What is at stake is much more than a fishery: it is the control of a supply chain that connects Antarctica with aquaculture, pet food, human nutrition, and the global functional ingredients industry.

From 47 Tonnes to an Oceanic Industry

The commercial history of krill began in the 1961/62 season, when two Soviet research vessels caught just 47 tonnes. During the following decade, the Soviet Union developed an experimental phase that culminated in 1972 with the establishment of permanent operations in the Southern Ocean. In 1973, landings already reached approximately 7,500 tonnes, and by the mid-seventies, the activity had evolved into a multinational fishery.

'Antartika' was the organization responsible for Antarctic operations.

That expansion was not improvised. It was part of the sophisticated Soviet long-distance fishing system, capable of integrating factory fleets, onboard processing, technical bases, international supply, and marketing under a single state structure.

Understanding that model is essential to understanding the current industry. The institutional evolution followed a complex chain that started from the Ministry of Fisheries of the Soviet Union and descended to organizations such as Yugryba and Azcherryba, Sovrybflot, operating companies, fleets, and vessels that, after the disintegration of the USSR, gave rise to numerous successor entities.

Photo: courtesy Legion Media (Rusia)

Subsequently reducing those assets to a simple classification as "Russian" or "Ukrainian" hides a much more complex reality. In numerous cases, flags, registered owners, commercial operators, and effective control of the assets changed, while the vessels themselves continued to operate under new corporate structures.

Understanding that continuity will be fundamental to interpreting the evolution of the industry in the next installments of this series.

100 grams of the product contain 17.5 grams of protein; notably, krill protein contains virtually all essential amino acids and has a digestibility of 96% to 97% (compared to 75% to 77% for meat protein). Photo: courtesy of Legion Media (Russia)

The First Boom and the Post-Soviet Collapse

During the second half of the nineteen-seventies, the catch grew rapidly. In 1982, landings reached approximately 528,000 tonnes, the highest volume recorded during that first industrial stage. The former Soviet Union widely dominated the activity, accompanied by Japan and other Eastern Bloc fleets.

Large vessels known as "floating factories" produce frozen and canned products, as well as krill meal and oil.

However, the figures hid a much less favorable economic reality.

Krill begins to degrade a few minutes after capture and requires immediate processing to preserve its commercial value. Added to this were enormous logistical distances, high operational costs, technological limitations, and an still incipient international demand.

The real crisis came with the disappearance of the Soviet Union.

In 1991, the Soviet catch still exceeded 275,000 tonnes. Just two years later, the system that had sustained that activity had practically disappeared. The fleet was redistributed, privatized, fragmented, or retired while the old state structures attempted to adapt to a market economy.

The legendary "Ocean" frozen Antarctic krill paste was developed in the 1960s, when Soviet trawlers were deployed to Antarctic waters. The first batch of the paste went on sale in 1972. It was distributed in light-blue cardboard blocks.

The biomass was still present.

What had collapsed was the industrial system capable of converting that resource into a viable business.

The Return Came Hand in Hand with Technology

For several years, Japan maintained a relatively stable presence in the fishery. However, the true rebirth did not come from a recovery of the old Soviet model, but from a technological revolution.

The incorporation of continuous fishing systems allowed krill to be pumped directly from the net to the processing plant installed onboard, significantly reducing the time between catch and transformation and increasing the quality of the final product.

The Norwegian group Aker Qrill Company adapted the pump system in the codend of the net—which the Dutch had been using for small pelagic fish in Africa—for krill fishing. Photo: courtesy of Qrill Pet. Click on the image to enlarge it.

From then on, the logic of the business changed.

Value ceased to depend exclusively on the volume caught to concentrate on the capacity to produce specialized ingredients destined for high-value markets.

Since 2010, the growth of the fishery has been driven mainly by Norway. Between 2015 and 2025, the country accounted for about two-thirds of the recorded catches, consolidating a model based on vertical integration, technological innovation, and product development.

Decadal catches of krill in the CAMLR Convention Area reported by Argentina (ARG), Chile (CHL), China (CHN), German Democratic Republic (DDR), Spain (ESP), United Kingdom (GBR), Japan (JPN), Republic of Korea (KOR), Latvia (LVA), Norway (NOR), Panama (PAN), Poland (POL), Russian Federation (RUS), USSR (SUN), Ukraine (UKR), Uruguay (URY), United States of America (USA), Vanuatu (VUT) and South Africa (ZAF). (Source: Statistical Bulletin and C1 data for most recent season).

At the same time, the center of gravity of the activity also changed. Most of the fishing effort began to concentrate in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, particularly in the Bransfield Strait, the South Orkney Islands, and South Georgia.

This spatial concentration explains why the international debate no longer revolves solely around the total available biomass, but on how to distribute the fishing effort without increasing pressure on whales, seals, penguins, and other species that depend on the same resource.

The Limit Ceased to Be a Hypothesis

Modern krill management is based on a precautionary approach developed by CCAMLR.

Annual catches of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) in the CAMLR Convention Area. Click on the image to enlarge it.

Although scientific estimates indicate that the available biomass is far superior to current catches, the organization established an operational level of 620,000 tonnes for Area 48 as long as there is no consensus system for spatial distribution of catches at a finer scale.

Until 2024, Conservation Measure 51-07 distributed that volume among different subareas to avoid excessive concentration of fishing effort. As no consensus was reached for its renewal, the measure expired and the global limit remained in force, although without the specific allocation between subareas.

The 2024/25 season marked a historical milestone.

For the first time, the cumulative catch reached the operational level established by CCAMLR and the fishery had to be closed before the end of the season.

The event does not imply, by itself, an overexploitation of the resource.

It does demonstrate that the installed industrial capacity is already sufficient to fully reach the operational ceiling defined by the international authority.

The discussion ceased to be theoretical.

What Lies Ahead

This first installment explains how the modern krill industry was born. Upcoming investigations will analyze who currently controls the value chain and how world leadership could evolve over the next decade.

Location of Small-Scale Management Units in Area 48. In Subarea 48.1: 1. Pelagic Area (APPA), 2. Antarctic Peninsula West (APW), 3. Drake Passage West (APDPW), 4. Drake Passage East (APDPE), 5. Elephant Island (APEI), 6. Bransfield Strait West (APBSW), 7. Bransfield Strait East (APBSE), 8. Antarctic Peninsula East (APE). These are grouped into 481PA (1), 481N (2, 3, 4 and 5) and 481S (6, 7 and 8) for the aggregation of length frequency distributions of krill (following the recommendation of WGEMM-15; SC-CAMLR-XXXIV, Annex 6, paragraph 2.10). In Subarea 48.2: South Orkney Pelagic Area (SOPA), South Orkney West (SOW), South Orkney Northeast (SONE), South Orkney Southeast (SOSE). In Subarea 48.3: South Georgia Pelagic Area (SGPA), South Georgia West (SGW), South Georgia East (SGE). In Subarea 48.4: South Sandwich Pelagic Area (SSPA), South Sandwich Islands (SSI). Coastlines and ice shelves: UK Polar Data Centre/BAS and Natural Earth. Bathymetry: GEBCO. Projection: EPSG 6932 (rotated). Source: CCAMLR

  • Part 2: Norway: the country that transformed a fishery into a global ingredients industry.

  • Part 3: China: the silent construction of the second giant of Antarctic krill.

  • Part 4: The invisible legacy of the Soviet Union: companies, fleets, and assets that survived the collapse of an empire.

  • Part 5: Who will control the blue protein of the 21st century.

Why It Matters

The market is no longer observing an experimental fishery.

Notifications (N) and subsequent withdrawals (W) of intention to fish for krill in 2025 by Subarea/Division. Source: CCAMLR

The catch has reached the current operational limit and the main actors have the technology, logistical capacity, and markets necessary to sustain an industrial expansion.

The strategic question is no longer whether there is enough krill in the Southern Ocean.

The real question is who will be able to transform that resource into high-value ingredients and whether the international management system can maintain the balance between economic growth and conservation of the Antarctic ecosystem.

 

Catch (tonnes) of E.superba by Subarea and CCAMLR Member in fishing season 2024. Source: CCAMLR

Indicators to Watch

  • Evolution of the cumulative catch relative to the operational level of 620,000 tonnes.

  • Distribution of fishing effort among subareas 48.1, 48.2, and 48.3.

  • Difference between notified vessels and vessels that actually conduct fishing operations.

  • Evolution of negotiations on spatial management in CCAMLR.

  • Incorporation of new technologies for continuous fishing and onboard processing.

  • Growth in global demand for krill meal, krill oil, phospholipids, and functional ingredients.

The First Battle Has Just Begun

For decades, krill was considered a fishery of difficult profitability and scarce commercial relevance. Today it represents one of the marine resources with the greatest potential to supply aquaculture, the nutraceutical industry, and global markets for high-value ingredients.

History proves that having biomass was never enough. The difference was made by technology, logistical capacity, and industrial integration.

The next installments will show how that competitive advantage passed first from the Soviet Union to Norway and how China is now trying to build its own leadership in the Southern Ocean.

Next installment: 'Norway: the country that transformed an Antarctic catch into a global ingredients platform'.


🇯🇵 日本語 (Japanese Version)

オキアミ - 特別報告 01/2026 ゜ビ゚トの実隓から新たなオキアミ・ラッシュぞ

わずか半䞖玀前、ナンキョクオキアミは数癟䞇人を逊うこずができる、事実䞊無尜蔵の資源ず芋なされおいた。今日、それは䞖界の逊殖業、栄逊孊、機胜性食品産業によっお最も争われる戊略的原料の䞀぀ずなっおいる。

この倉革は䞀朝䞀倕に起きたわけではない。それは、野心的な゜ビ゚トの実隓から始たり、゜ビ゚ト連邊の厩壊を生き延び、ノルりェヌがリヌドし、䞭囜がたすたす緊密に远随する新たな産業競争ぞず぀ながった歎史の結果であった。

2024/25幎シヌズンは新たな転換点ずなった。南極海掋生物資源保存委員䌚CCAMLRが蚭定した゚リア48の操業䞊限である620,000トンに初めお達し、持業の閉鎖を䜙儀なくされた。これは、オキアミが䞻に科孊的関心の察象ずしおの資源であるこずをやめ、䞖界的な戊略資産ずなったこずを裏付けおいる。

6十幎以䞊にわたり、ナンキョクオキアミEuphausia superbaの歎史は、資源の膚倧な芋かけの利甚可胜性ず、垂堎から䜕千キロも離れた堎所で捕獲される極めお腐敗しやすい小さな甲殻類を収益性の高いビゞネスに倉えるこずの難しさずいう2぀の力の間で揺れ動いおきた。

゜ビ゚ト連邊は、産業芏暡でそれを詊みた最初であった。数十幎埌、ノルりェヌは技術革新ずバリュヌチェヌンの統合を通じおモデルに革呜を起こした。䞭囜は、長期的なビゞョンを持っお新たな産業胜力を構築しおいる。この持業の進化は、もはや氎揚げされたトン数だけで枬定するこずはできず、誰が技術、加工、物流、そしお最も付加䟡倀の高い垂堎ぞのアクセスをコントロヌルしおいるかによっお枬定される。

かかっおいるのは単なる持業にずどたらない。南極ず逊殖業、ペットフヌド、人間栄逊、そしお機胜性原料の䞖界的な産業を結ぶサプラむチェヌンの支配である。

47トンから海掋産業ぞ

オキアミの商業史は、2隻の゜ビ゚ト調査船がわずか47トンを持獲した1961/62幎シヌズンに始たった。その埌10幎間、゜ビ゚ト連邊は実隓段階を展開し、1972幎の南倧掋における垞蚭操業の確立で頂点に達した。1973幎には氎揚げ量がすでに玄7,500トンに達し、1970幎代半ばたでに、この掻動は倚囜籍持業ぞず進化した。

その拡倧は行き圓たりばったりのものではなかった。それは、単䞀の囜家䜓制のもずで、工船フリヌト、船䞊加工、技術基地、囜際䟛絊、マヌケティングを統合できる、掗緎された゜ビ゚トの遠掋持業システムの䞀郚であった。

珟圚の産業を理解するためには、そのモデルを理解するこずが䞍可欠である。組織の進化は、゜ビ゚ト連邊持業省から始たり、ナグリバYugrybaやアズチェリバAzcherryba、゜ノリブフロヌトSovrybflot、操業䌚瀟、船団、そしお゜連厩壊埌に倚数の埌継組織を生み出した船舶ぞず䞋る耇雑な連鎖をたどった。

その埌、これらの資産を単に「ロシア」たたは「りクラむナ」ずしお分類するこずは、はるかに耇雑な珟実を隠すこずになる。倚くの堎合、旗、登録所有者、商業操業䌚瀟、および資産の有効な支配暩が倉曎された䞀方で、船舶自䜓は新しい䌁業構造のもずで操業を続けた。

その継続性を理解するこずは、このシリヌズの次回の配信で産業の進化を解釈するために䞍可欠である。

最初のブヌムずポスト・゜ビ゚トの厩壊

1970幎代の埌半を通じお、持獲量は急速に増加した。1982幎には氎揚げ量が玄528,000トンに達し、その最初の産業段階で蚘録された最高量ずなった。旧゜ビ゚ト連邊が掻動を広く支配し、日本や他の東偎ブロックの船団がこれに加わっおいた。

しかし、これらの数字ははるかに奜たしくない経枈的珟実を隠しおいた。

オキアミは捕獲埌数分で劣化が始たるため、商業的䟡倀を維持するには即時の加工が必芁である。これに加えお、膚倧な物流距離、高い操業コスト、技術的限界、そしおただ初期段階にあった囜際需芁があった。

真の危機は゜ビ゚ト連邊の消滅ずずもに蚪れた。

1991幎、゜ビ゚トの持獲量は䟝然ずしお275,000トンを超えおいた。わずか2幎埌、その掻動を支えおいたシステムは事実䞊姿を消した。旧囜家構造が垂堎経枈ぞの適応を詊みる䞀方で、船団は再分配、民営化、断片化、たたは退圹された。

バむオマスは䟝然ずしお存圚しおいた。

厩壊したのは、その資源を存続可胜なビゞネスに倉えるこずができる産業システムであった。

技術の手によっおもたらされた埩掻

数幎間、日本は持業においお比范的安定した存圚感を維持した。しかし、真の埩掻は旧゜ビ゚トモデルの回埩からではなく、技術革呜からもたらされた。

連続持法システムの導入により、ネットから船内に蚭眮された加工工堎ぞオキアミを盎接ポンプで送るこずが可胜になり、捕獲から加工たでの時間が倧幅に短瞮され、最終補品の品質が向䞊した。

それ以来、ビゞネスの論理が倉わった。

䟡倀は持獲量だけに䟝存するこずをやめ、高䟡倀垂堎向けの専門的な原料を生産する胜力に集䞭するようになった。

2010幎以降、持業の成長は䞻にノルりェヌによっお牜匕されおきた。2015幎から2025幎の間に、同囜は蚘録された持獲量の玄3分の2を占め、垂盎統合、技術革新、補品開発に基づくモデルを確固たるものにした。

同時に、掻動の重心も倉化した。持獲努力の倧郚分は、南倧掋の倧西掋セクタヌ、特にブランズフィヌルド海峡、サりス・オヌクニヌ諞島、サりス・ゞョヌゞア島に集䞭し始めた。

この空間的集䞭は、囜際的な議論がもはや利甚可胜な総バむオマスだけをめぐるものではなく、同じ資源に䟝存するクゞラ、アザラシ、ペンギン、その他の皮ぞの圧力を匷めるこずなく、どのように持獲努力を分配するかをめぐるものである理由を説明しおいる。

限界はもはや仮説ではない

珟代のオキアミ管理は、CCAMLRによっお開発された予防的アプロヌチに基づいおいる。

科孊的予枬は、利甚可胜なバむオマスが珟圚の持獲量を倧幅に䞊回っおいるこずを瀺しおいるが、より现かいスケヌルでの持獲の空間的分配システムが合意されない限り、同組織ぱリア48に察しお620,000トンの操業䞊限を蚭定した。

2024幎たで、保存措眮51-07は持獲努力の過床な集䞭を避けるために、この量を異なる小海域に分配しおいた。その曎新のための合意に達しなかったため、同措眮は倱効し、小海域間の具䜓的な割り圓おはないものの、䞖界的な制限は維持された。

2024/25幎シヌズンは歎史的な節目ずなった。

初めお环積持獲量がCCAMLRの蚭定した操業䞊限に達し、シヌズン終了前に持業を閉鎖しなければならなくなった。

この事実は、それ自䜓が資源の過剰開発を意味するものではない。

しかし、囜際圓局によっお定矩された操業倩井に完党に達するのに、確立された産業胜力がすでに十分であるこずを蚌明しおいる。

議論はもはや理論的なものではなくなった。

今埌䜕が起こるか

この最初の配信では、珟代のオキアミ産業がどのように誕生したかを説明した。今埌の調査では、誰が珟圚バリュヌチェヌンをコントロヌルしおいるか、そしお次の10幎間で䞖界のリヌダヌシップがどのように進化するかを分析する。

  • 第2郚: ノルりェヌ持業を䞖界的な原料産業に倉えた囜。

  • 第3郚: 䞭囜ナンキョクオキアミの第2の巚人の静かな建蚭。

  • 第4郚: ゜ビ゚ト連邊の芋えない遺産垝囜の厩壊を生き延びた䌁業、船団、資産。

  • 第5郚: 誰が21䞖玀のブルヌ・プロテむンを支配するか。

なぜ重芁なのか

垂堎はもはや実隓的な持業を芳察しおいるわけではない。

持獲量は珟圚の操業制限に達しおおり、䞻芁な関係者は産業の拡倧を維持するために必芁な技術、物流胜力、および垂堎を有しおいる。

戊略的な問題は、もはや南倧掋に十分なオキアミが存圚するかどうかではない。

本圓の問いは、誰がその資源を高䟡倀の原料に倉えるこずができるか、そしお囜際的な管理システムが経枈成長ず南極゚コシステムの保党ずのバランスを維持できるかである。

泚芖すべき指暙

  • 操業䞊限である620,000トンに察する环積持獲量の掚移。

  • 小海域48.1、48.2、および48.3の間における持獲努力の分配。

  • 通報された持船ず実際に持業操業を行う持船の差。

  • CCAMLRにおける空間管理に関する亀枉の掚移。

  • 新たな連続持法技術および船䞊加工技術の導入。

  • オキアミミヌル、オキアミオむル、リン脂質、および機胜性原料の䞖界的な需芁の䌞び。

最初の戊いは始たったばかりである

数十幎間、オキアミは収益性が䜎く、商業的関連性が乏しい持業ず芋なされおいた。今日、それは逊殖業、ニュヌトラシュヌティカル産業、および高䟡倀原料の䞖界垂堎に䟛絊するための最倧の可胜性を秘めた補品の䞀぀を衚しおいる。

歎史は、バむオマスを持っおいるだけでは決しお十分ではなかったこずを蚌明しおいる。違いをもたらしたのは、技術、物流胜力、そしお産業の統合であった。

次回の配信では、その競争優䜍性がどのようにしお最初に゜ビ゚ト連邊からノルりェヌぞ移り、そしお䞭囜が珟圚どのように南倧掋で独自のリヌダヌシップを構築しようずしおいるかを瀺す。

次回配信: ノルりェヌ南極の持獲物を䞖界的な原料プラットフォヌムに倉えた囜。


🇚🇳 简䜓䞭文 (Simplified Chinese Version)

磷號 - 特别报告 01/2026 从苏联实验到新䞀蜮南极磷號热朮

仅圚半䞪䞖纪前南极磷號还被视䞺䞀种几乎取之䞍尜、可䟛养掻数癟䞇人的资源。劂今它已成䞺党球氎产养殖、营养和功胜性食品行䞚争债最激烈的战略原料之䞀。

这䞀蜬变并非䞀蹎而就。这是䞀段历史的结果它始于䞀项宏倧的苏联实验圚苏联解䜓䞭幞存䞋来最终挔变成䞀场由挪嚁领跑、䞭囜玧随其后的党新工䞚竞争。

2024/25产季标志着䞀䞪新的蜬折点。由南极海掋生物资源养技委员䌚CCAMLR讟定的第48海区捕捞量銖次蟟到了620,000吚的枔䞚䜜䞚䞊限富臎捕捞被迫提前关闭。这证实了南极磷號已䞍再是䞻芁属于科孊研究兎趣的资源而是成䞺了党球范囎内的战略资产。

圚过去的60倚幎里南极磷號Euphausia superba的历史䞀盎圚䞀种力量之闎摇摆䞀是该资源巚倧的衚观蕎藏量二是将这种捕捞自距犻垂场数千公里之倖、极易腐莥的小型甲殻类劚物蜬化䞺盈利䞚务的巚倧隟床。

苏联是第䞀䞪进行工䞚化尝试的囜家。几十幎后挪嚁通过技术创新和价倌铟敎合圻底颠芆了该暡匏。而䞭囜则正以长期愿景打造党新的工䞚胜力。这行枔䞚的发展已䞍胜再单纯以卞鱌吚数来衡量而是取决于谁控制着技术、加工、物流以及进入最高附加倌垂场的枠道。

角逐的栞心远䞍止于䞀项捕捞䞚而是对连接南极䞎氎产养殖、宠物食品、人类营养及党球功胜性原料行䞚的敎䞪䟛应铟的控制。

从 47 吚到海掋产䞚

南极磷號的商䞚历史始于1961/62产季圓时䞀艘苏联研究船仅捕捞了47吚。圚接䞋来的十幎䞭苏联匀展了实验阶段并圚1972幎以圚南冰掋建立垞态化䜜䞚而蟟到高朮。1973幎卞鱌量已蟟到纊7,500吚到1970幎代䞭期该掻劚已发展成䞺䞀项倚囜参䞎的枔䞚。

那次扩匠并非随兎捕捞。它是倍杂的苏联远掋捕捞系统的䞀郚分该系统胜借将加工母船、船䞊加工、技术基地、囜际补给和销售敎合圚同䞀䞪囜家架构䞋。

理解这䞀暡匏对于讀识圓今的产䞚至关重芁。其䜓制挔变遵埪了䞀条倍杂的铟条从苏联枔䞚郚延䌞到 Yugryba、Azcherryba、Sovrybflot 等组织再到运营䌁䞚、船队和船只。苏联解䜓后这些资产衍生出了讞倚继承实䜓。

劂果随后将这些资产简单地園类䞺“俄眗斯”或“乌克兰”则掩盖了曎䞺倍杂的现实。圚讞倚情况䞋船旗、泚册船䞜、商䞚运营商以及资产的实际控制权郜发生了变曎而船只本身则继续圚新的公叞架构䞋运营。

理解这䞀延续性对于圚本乊随后的章节䞭解读该产䞚的挔变至关重芁。

第䞀次繁荣䞎后苏联时代的厩溃

圚1970幎代的䞋半叶捕捞量迅速增长。1982幎卞鱌量蟟到了纊528,000吚这是第䞀工䞚阶段记圕的最高产量。前苏联圚该领域占据绝对䞻富地䜍日本和其他䞜欧集团的船队也参䞎其䞭。

然而这些数字掩盖了并䞍乐观的经济现实。

南极磷號圚捕捞后几分钟内就䌚匀始变莚需芁立即加工以保持其商䞚价倌。歀倖还有巚倧的物流距犻、高昂的运营成本、技术限制以及圓时仍倄于起步阶段的囜际需求。

真正的危机随着苏联的解䜓而到来。

1991幎苏联的捕捞量仍超过275,000吚。仅仅䞀幎后绎持该掻劚的系统䟿几乎荡然无存。船队被重新分配、私有化、拆分或退圹而旧的囜家架构则试囟适应垂场经济。

生物量䟝然存圚。

然而胜借将该资源蜬化䞺可行商䞚项目的工䞚䜓系已经厩溃。

技术垊来的倍兎

倚幎来日本圚这䞀枔䞚䞭保持了盞对皳定的参䞎。然而真正的倍兎并非源于旧苏联暡匏的恢倍而是源于䞀场技术革呜。

连续捕捞系统的匕入䜿埗磷號胜借盎接从眑䞭泵送到船䞊安装的加工蜊闎星著猩短了捕捞䞎蜬化之闎的时闎提升了最终产品的品莚。

从那时起商䞚逻蟑发生了改变。

价倌䞍再完党取决于捕捞量而是集䞭于䞺高价倌垂场生产䞓䞚化原料的胜力。

自2010幎以来该枔䞚的增长䞻芁由挪嚁掚劚。圚2015幎至2025幎期闎挪嚁占据了记圕捕捞量的纊䞉分之二巩固了基于垂盎敎合、技术创新和产品匀发的暡匏。

䞎歀同时该掻劚的重心也发生了蜬移。倧郚分捕捞力量匀始集䞭圚南冰掋的倧西掋板块特别是垃兰斯菲尔執海峡、南奥克尌矀岛和南乔治亚岛。

这种空闎䞊的集䞭解释了䞺什么囜际蟩论已䞍再仅仅囎绕总可甚生物量展匀而是聚焊于劂䜕圚䞍增加对䟝赖同䞀资源的鲞鱌、海豹、䌁鹅和其他物种压力的情况䞋合理分配捕捞力量。

䞊限已䞍再是假讟

现代磷號管理基于 CCAMLR 制定的䞀项预防性方法。

尜管科孊评䌰衚明可甚生物量远高于圓前的捕捞量䜆圚曎粟细尺床䞊的捕捞空闎分配系统蟟成共识之前该组织䞺第48海区讟定了620,000吚的䜜䞚䞊限。

盎到2024幎第 51-07 号养技措斜将该配额分配给䞍同的分区以避免捕捞力量过床集䞭。由于未胜就其延续蟟成共识该措斜已到期党球总量限制继续有效䜆取消了各分区之闎的具䜓分配。

2024/25产季是䞀䞪历史性的里皋碑。

环计捕捞量銖次蟟到了 CCAMLR 讟定的䜜䞚䞊限枔䞚必须圚产季结束前关闭。

这䞀事件本身并䞍意味着资源的过床匀发。

䜆它证明了现有的工䞚胜力已足以完党觊及囜际权嚁机构所定义的䜜䞚倩花板。

讚论已䞍再停留圚理论层面。

未来趋势

第䞀章解释了现代磷號工䞚是劂䜕诞生的。接䞋来的调查将分析目前谁控制着价倌铟以及未来十幎内党球领富力将劂䜕挔变。

  • 第2郚分挪嚁将捕捞䞚蜬化䞺党球原料工䞚的囜家。

  • 第3郚分䞭囜南极磷號第二巚倎的悄然厛起。

  • 第4郚分苏联的隐圢遗产圚垝囜厩溃䞭幞存䞋来的公叞、船队和资产。

  • 第5郚分谁将控制 21 䞖纪的蓝色蛋癜莚。

䞺什么重芁

垂场面对的已䞍再是䞀项实验性枔䞚。

捕捞量已蟟到现行的䜜䞚䞊限䞻芁参䞎者拥有绎持工䞚扩匠所需的技术、物流胜力和垂场。

战略问题已䞍再是南冰掋是吊有足借的磷號。

真正的栞心问题是谁胜借将该资源蜬化䞺高价倌原料以及囜际管理系统胜吊绎持经济增长䞎南极生态系统保技之闎的平衡。

需关泚的指标

  • 环计捕捞量盞对于 620,000吚 䜜䞚䞊限的挔变。

  • 捕捞力量圚 48.1、48.2 和 48.3 分区之闎的分配。

  • 通报船只数量䞎实际执行捕捞䜜䞚船只数量之闎的差匂。

  • CCAMLR 关于空闎管理谈刀的进展。

  • 新型连续捕捞技术和船䞊加工技术的匕入。

  • 党球对磷號粉、磷號油、磷脂及功胜性原料需求的增长。

第䞀场战圹刚刚打响

几十幎来南极磷號䞀盎被视䞺䞀项隟以盈利䞔商䞚盞关性埮匱的枔䞚。劂今它代衚了最具朜力的海掋资源之䞀甚以䟛应氎产养殖、营养保健品行䞚及高价倌原料的党球垂场。

历史证明仅拥有生物量是远远䞍借的。技术、物流胜力和工䞚敎合才是决定性的差匂。

接䞋来的章节将展瀺这种竞争䌘势是劂䜕銖先从苏联蜬移到挪嚁以及䞭囜劂今劂䜕尝试圚南冰掋建立起自己的领富地䜍。

䞋䞀章提瀺挪嚁将南极捕捞蜬化䞺党球原料平台的囜家。

editorial@seafood.media
www.seafood.media


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